39 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
tract, and often causes ... < 30 years - Aorta ... branches • GCA: - Aorta ... gastrointestinal, and/or central ... purpura: strong sign
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Bone Fracture Central ... symptoms/signs, ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria • Signs ... GN or vasculitis ... renal vein between aorta ... #causes #urology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta ... , Vasculitis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... < 30 years • Aorta ... Arteritis): • Aorta ... Angiitis of the Central ... tract, and often causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... #nephrology #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... disc herniation (central ... lumbar spine Signs ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #symptoms #signs
High Central Neuraxial Block - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Can occur with deliberate or accidental
obstetrics, relieve aorto-caval ... of unrelieved aorto-caval ... that may mimic signs ... • Obstetric aorto-caval ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Systemic Lupus (SLE) General ... Butterfly rash, Vasculitis ... Endocarditis, Aortic ... erythematosus #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis