15 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... weakness and #Acute ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... clinical context and signs ... myoglobin • Myeloma ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Kidney #Injury
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
• Nephrotic Syndrome ... atheroemboli) • Aorta ... septic emboli) - Myxoma ... Vasculitis • Injury ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
duodenum Clinical Signs ... Pathophysiology: ... de novo between aorta ... patients with acute ... or within the aorta
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
An acute rise or ... hypertension and signs ... kidney injury). ... renal bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Immune mediated injury ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... renal vein between aorta
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
vasoconstrictive • Acute ... Leakage of optic ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
Optic Neuritis - ... orbital pain, (Sub)acute ... Unilateral • Signs ... - Typical MS-like ... #rheumatology #ophthalmology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Acute Closed Angle ... damage & blindness Signs ... Photophobia #Acute ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology