39 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... L-lactate - produced during ... with short bowel syndrome ... Acidosis #HAGMA #Differential ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... #Primary #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... acetaminophen dosing ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome ... recessive salt-losing ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Pressure: - Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Prophyria #Seizures #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Pupils: Localization in Coma
 • Small, Reactive pupils: Metabolic coma.
 • Unilateral Fixed, dilated pupil :
Reactive pupils: Metabolic ... • Horner's syndrome ... Localization #Coma #Neurology ... #differential #