3621 results
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... encephalopathy, Orbital apex ... syndrome, Cavernous ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... pseudotumor, Orbital apex
Diplopia - Differential Diagnosis
Step 1: Consider Stroke
Step 2: Diplopia PLUS
 - Cavernous Sinus Syndrome
 - Infection
Cavernous Sinus Syndrome ... HA - Orbital Apex ... Syndrome Step ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)

This 81 yo male was referred to our
Orbital Apex Syndrome ... other potential causes ... Syndrome secondary ... Orbital Apex Syndrome ... #Syndrome #Herpes
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
Miller-Fisher syndrome ... neuropathy (orbital apex ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
Horner's Syndrome ... diagnosis of Horner's syndrome ... tumors along the apex ... experience, the cause ... surgery; as in our case
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - Right Ventricular Involvement 

In up to 1/4 of cases of stress cardiomyopathy (takotsubo),
In up to 1/4 of cases ... right ventricular apex ... #BrokenHeart #Syndrome
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Hyperthermic Syndromes - This table summarizes the similarities and differences between some toxicologic causes of hyperthermic
Hyperthermic Syndromes ... some toxicologic causes ... of hyperthermic syndromes ... • Serotonin syndrome ... #Hyperthermic #Syndromes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloride depletion syndromes ... • Liddle syndrome ... administration Other causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes