11 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... mutation) • Renin-secreting ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Elevated Renin ... #Workup #nephrology