12 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism ... (Low Renin, Low ... , Low Aldosterone ... #Differential # ... #Aldosterone #Comparison
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
(Normal or Low ... Pseudohyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low ... Low Aldosterone ... #Differential # ... #Aldosterone #Comparison
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism ... • Low Urine Cl ... Expanded - 1° or 2° hyperaldosteronism ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism ... Expanded 1° / 2° hyperaldosteronism ... artery stenosis, Renin-secreting ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... R - Secondary Hyperaldosteronism ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... , Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... #Hypokalemia #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... tumor, Primary hyperaldosteronism ... #Hypokalemia #Differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Glucocorticoid suppressible hyperaldosteronism ... EABV, Low Plasma ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... urine #potassium #differential
Low Back Pain (Lumbago) - Common Differential Diagnosis and Patterns

Mechanical Low Back Pain:
Aching pain in the
) - Common Differential ... ), idiopathic, benign ... Bending, sneezing ... BackPain #Lumbago #Differential ... Patterns #Features #Comparison
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism ... • Low Urine Cl ... Euvolemic* - 1°/2° hyperaldosteronism ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Hypokalemia - Differential ... artery stenosis Low ... • Hyperaldosteronism ... Low renin, Low ... Hypokalemia #Nephrology #Differential