15 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water retention 1) ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Workup Step #1 ... Hypernatremia #Management #Algorithm ... #Sodium #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Pathophysiology 1) ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Redistribution - 1° ... HPT - 1° Renal ... PO4 wasting: Hereditary ... low #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Workup Step 1 ... Repeat the sodium ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
• Prevalence: 1- ... associated with DM-1, ... disorders • Testing ... diazepam • EMG testing ... others (botox, sodium