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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm hypokalemia causes low treatment alkalosis barre guillain metabolic urine cerebritis chloride cns comparison defects encephalopathy erythematosus
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Proximal tubule Bartter ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Pocket Comparison Guide to Heritable Hypertension Syndromes (Secondary Hypertension) Bartter, Gitelman, Liddle, Primary Aldosteronism, GRA (Glucocorticoid Remediable
Heritable Hypertension Syndromes ... Hypertension) Bartter ... , Gitelman, Liddle ... Aldosterone, Cortisol, Potassium ... Table #Diagnosis #Management
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Al, Normal R - ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low/Normal ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
• Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... syndrome • Primary ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
actively working • Bartter ... syndrome (defective ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
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