21 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
loop of Henle Gitelman ... Syndrome: Distal ... Fanconi #Bartter #Gitelman ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Low-normal EABV ... , Gitelman syndrome ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low/Normal ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
, Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome - Management
Treatment includes
 - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... Ramesh @SRameshMD #Gitelman ... #Syndrome #Management ... #Treatment #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... In a normal gap ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology