21 results
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... etiology of coma Abnormal ... movements; also normal ... flexion withdrawal, abnormal ... decortication), abnormal
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... #Reflex #Positive ... #Abnormal #clinical ... #video #neurology
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
. -> Abnormal dopamine ... and mood) -> Abnormal ... Schizophrenia #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... #psychiatry #positive
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Algorithm and Differential ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations abnormal ... clinical context and signs ... #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... leg reflexes) ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... failure PBC Signs ... • ALT & AST normal ... • Bilirubin - Normal
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
• Symptoms and signs ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... dysfunction • Abnormal ... reflexes: Areflexia
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Mildly decreased/Normal ... glucose level, • Normal ... Acute meningeal signs ... <40 mg/dL • Normal ... #diagnosis #neurology
Medical Conditions Causing Mania or Mania-Like Episodes: Pathogenesis
 • Bipolar Disorder -> Combination of individual, genetic,
demyelination alters normal ... Manic #Secondary #Causes ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... conditions listed in differential ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology