16 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... brain lesion • CNS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
: Fever, headache ... : Fever, headache ... status, and focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease ... : Headache, vomiting
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
ulceration • Ocular ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... symptoms (headache ... Leukemia, Lymphoma Ocular ... management #signs #symptoms
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
desaturation, Scotoma, Ocular ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... pain • Extra-CNS ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
lesion Pott's Disease ... Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... • Papilledema, headache ... or abruptly • CN
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Visual or auditory symptoms ... conjunction with symptoms ... nervous system (CNS ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... #neurology #noninflammatory
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... • Depressive symptoms ... The clinical syndrome ... neurocognitive #disorder #dementia ... #AIDS #Neurology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... 50 years • New headache ... • Progressive symptoms ... of headache, cognitive ... impairment, neurologic
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
Albuminuria, nephrotic syndrome ... Neurological: Headache ... , meningitis, ocular ... individuals with HIV ... infected without symptoms
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Diagnosis Framework Disease ... Pneumonia: • 3 syndromes ... angioinvasive disease ... of a "flu-like syndrome ... Constitutional symptoms