115 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Causes of Hemiplegia ... - Differential ... • Apraxia • ... Hemiplegia #Neurology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Abdominal Pain - Physical Examination Signs and Maneuvers
 - Murphy's sign
 - Kehr's sign
 - McBurney's
- Kehr's sign ... - Psoas sign ... - Pulsatile Masses ... #Differential # ... PhysicalExam #AbdominalPain
Causes of Tremors - Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Action Tremor - Occurs During Voluntary Muscle
Causes of Tremors ... Movement Disorders - Differential ... spinocerebellar ataxia ... MovementDisorders #Neurology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Gait Disturbance - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sporadic
 • Vascular
 • Infection
 • Toxic
 • Nutrition
Causes of Gait Disturbance ... - Differential ... Degenerative Sensory Ataxia ... Spinocerebellar Ataxia ... • Friedrich's Ataxia
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Dose-dependent tremor, ataxia ... dizziness, diplopia, ataxia ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Vitamin D - Bone disease ... • Thiamine - Nausea ... dysfunction, gait ataxia ... sensory neuropathy, ataxia ... nutrition #table #differential
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
– symptoms and signs ... , Deafness Signs ... Psychosis/dementia, Ataxia ... Hypothyroid #Features #Signs ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... Inflammatory bowel disease ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Optic neuropathy, Ataxia ... Deficiency #diagnosis #signs
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Haemolytic anaemia, ataxia ... Vitamins #Deficiency #differential ... #diagnosis #signs