54 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
– symptoms and signs ... , Deafness Signs ... Psychosis/dementia, Ataxia ... Hypothyroid #Features #Signs ... #PhysicalExam #Endocrinology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Dose-dependent tremor, ataxia ... dizziness, diplopia, ataxia ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Causes of Tremors - Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Action Tremor - Occurs During Voluntary Muscle
Causes of Tremors ... • Cerebellar Disease ... spinocerebellar ataxia ... • Parkinson's Disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... Inflammatory bowel disease ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Optic neuropathy, Ataxia ... Deficiency #diagnosis #signs
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Graves’ Disease: ... the etiology Signs ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Cardiovascular disease ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Vitamin D - Bone disease ... • Thiamine - Nausea ... dysfunction, gait ataxia ... sensory neuropathy, ataxia ... Calcium - Bone disease
Functional Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms and Pathophysiology
Delayed gastric emptying - Postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting
Hypersensitivity to gastric
Functional Dyspepsia - Signs ... , Symptoms and Pathophysiology ... nonerosive reflux disease ... Functional #Dyspepsia #Pathophysiology ... symptoms #diagnosis #signs
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's Disease ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Lymphoma Metastatic Disease ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs