82 results
Clinical Features and Vascular Territories of Stroke
Anterior circulation—anterior cerebral artery (ACA) - Contralateral leg weakness
Anterior circulation—middle
Clinical Features ... MCA) or neglect, apraxia ... without cortical signs ... deviation and/or ataxia ... deficits and/or ataxia
Clinical features of focal cortical brain lesions in a right-handed individual

Frontal, either:  
Intellectual impairment, 
Personality
Clinical features ... Acalculia, Alexia ... right: Dressing apraxia ... left: Limb apraxia ... Localization #Symptoms #Signs
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
– symptoms and signs ... , Deafness Signs ... Psychosis/dementia, Ataxia ... #Hypothyroid #Features ... #PhysicalExam #Endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Acne • Coarse features ... Cardiovascular disease ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Dose-dependent tremor, ataxia ... dizziness, diplopia, ataxia ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Clinical Features ... Fits, Hemiplegia, Ataxia ... pain (20%) Renal disease ... erythematosus #signs
Causes of Tremors - Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Action Tremor - Occurs During Voluntary Muscle
Causes of Tremors ... • Cerebellar Disease ... spinocerebellar ataxia ... • Parkinson's Disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Features of a Sickle ... Sickle-cell disease ... The underlying pathophysiology ... ischaemia. 2) Aplasia ... #Signs #Symptoms
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... Inflammatory bowel disease ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Optic neuropathy, Ataxia ... Deficiency #diagnosis #signs