86 results
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... • Nutritional: ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Optic neuropathy, Ataxia ... Deficiency #diagnosis #signs
Clinical Features and Vascular Territories of Stroke
Anterior circulation—anterior cerebral artery (ACA) - Contralateral leg weakness
Anterior circulation—middle
loss, field cut, aphasia ... MCA) or neglect, apraxia ... without cortical signs ... deviation and/or ataxia ... deficits and/or ataxia
Clinical features of focal cortical brain lesions in a right-handed individual

Frontal, either:  
Intellectual impairment, 
Personality
left: Broca's aphasia ... Acalculia, Alexia ... right: Dressing apraxia ... left: Limb apraxia ... Localization #Symptoms #Signs
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Myelopathy - Injury to the entire spinal cord - Signs and Symptoms
 • Ataxia (early sign)
spinal cord - Signs ... and Symptoms • Ataxia ... (early sign) ... weakness (late sign ... dexterity loss (early signs
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Leukemia) • GI diseases ... liver or kidney disease ... decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
dysfunction (e.g. gait ataxia ... upper limb) • Nutritional ... risk factor for nutritional ... Management #neurology #nutrition
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Haemolytic anaemia, ataxia ... differential #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #nutrition
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Vitamin D - Bone disease ... dysfunction, gait ataxia ... sensory neuropathy, ataxia ... Calcium - Bone disease ... Bypass #vitamin #nutrition
Causes of Gait Disturbance - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sporadic
 • Vascular
 • Infection
 • Toxic
 • Nutrition
• Toxic • Nutrition ... Degenerative Sensory Ataxia ... Spinocerebellar Ataxia ... • Friedrich's Ataxia ... • Tay-Sachs Disease