9 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Differential Diagnosis ... proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs ... , anti-GBM ab, ANA ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... restrictive lung disease
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... malignancies Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Classification ... #Nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
have fever - ACS ... , AKI, acute limb ... febrile, give abx ... Elevated uric acid ... #TLS #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Torsemide) • Acute ... pulmonary edema ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
other causes of neurologic ... over course of disease ... metabolized to lactic acid ... mass - Lizzie Aby ... Encephalopathy #Grading #Classification
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
- Differential Diagnosis ... concentrations in: RBCs ... anemia, folic acid ... • Pulmonary infarction ... hepatitis • Acute
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
Syndrome Acute ... HIV-1 p24 core Ag ... an HIV Nucleic Acid ... antibody test) Treatment ... ART to slow HIV disease
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
presentations and disease ... pulmonary edema ... - Compartment syndrome ... peritonitis - Acute ... #typea #typeb #classification