20 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
According to Volume Status ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and ... chronic kidney disease ... Drugs - SIADH Renal
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... basement membrane disease ... of glomerular disease ... Renal Causes ... blood
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... gammopathy of renal ... malignancies Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
heart failure, neurologic ... Stage 2 hypertension ... Stage 3 hypertension ... disease: CKD, acute ... Neurologic disorders
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... are seen in acute ... Red blood cell ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Shock, Autoimmune disease ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... , ADEM, Acute toxic ... • Treatment of
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... after starvation, Acute ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... disease • Drugs ... Hypercalcemic states
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... caused by Ca2+ ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Crush injury • Blood ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... Goodpasture's cause ... reveals increasing blood ... diagnosis #management #treatment