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diagnosis differential management microscopy renal syndrome urine aki cardiology classification endocarditis hematuria infectiousdiseases kidney urology workup abg acid acidbase acidosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #blood #urine
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury ( ... require urgent nephrology ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... , RBCs, casts, crystals ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Sepsis • Blood ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Differential #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia • Intravenous contrast •
Acute Kidney Injury ... Light chain (LC) cast ... LC deposition disease ... malignancies Treatment ... Classification #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... Immune mediated injury ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... of glomerular disease ... #urology #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... disease 2. ... #treatment #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
quantify renal injury ... Goodpasture's cause ... reveals increasing blood ... hematuria, RBC casts ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Bronchiectasis - Summary What? • Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
bronchial wall injury ... Most Common Causes ... moderate-to-severe cases ... abnormal in adults • Blood ... mycobacteria Treatment
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