21 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Causes of ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... Fanconi syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... #Workup #table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology