8 results
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion
Alcoholic ketoacidosis - Methanol - Ethylene glycol - Isopropyl Alcohol
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion ... • Metabolic Acidosis ... Gap • Serum / Urine ... #Ingestion #diagnosis ... #toxicology #comparison
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... ketoacidosis • Alcoholic ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Brain Disorders ... Globi Pallidi T2 Low ... MRI #Patterns #Toxicology ... #Metabolic #Brain ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Loss (Negative urine ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... • Traumatic Brain ... METABOLIC - Electrolyte ... seizure threshold TOXICOLOGIC ... : • Alcohol withdrawal
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management