13 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Renal Loses - Medications ... - Loop and ... dysfunction - Alcohol ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
disease, Chronic diarrhoea ... , Short bowel syndrome ... Cystic fibrosis • Medications ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... nutrition, Excess alcohol
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
biliary fistula - Diarrhea ... Ketoacidosis - Saline ... intoxication - Alcohol ... Causes #diagnosis #differential ... #medications #drugs
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
History of excessive alcohol ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Nutrition #Differential
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Spoon-shaped • Iron deficiency ... Discoloration • Medications ... Mellitus Half-and-Half ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #dermatology #Differential
Hepatorenal Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Who gets HRS?
 • Decompensated cirrhosis
 • Typically with existing
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... - Diagnosis and ... a precipitant: Medications ... , Alcohol abuse, ... Side effects: Diarrhea
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Acute hemolysis, deficiency ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... • Reaction to Medications ... Acute bacterial and
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... gastric acidity, medications ... pain, diarrhea ... , intestinal), alcohol ... Check for IF ab Treatment
Tongue Pathology 

Geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and hairy tongue are the most common tongue problems and
do not require treatment ... underlying nutritional deficiency ... require biopsy to differentiate ... Burning mouth syndrome ... tobacco and alcohol
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
or folic acid deficiency ... arsenic compounds, alcohol ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... • Copper deficiency ... blood count with differential