11 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Renal Loses - Medications ... dysfunction - Alcohol ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
biliary fistula - Diarrhea ... Ketoacidosis - Saline ... intoxication - Alcohol ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #medications
Hepatorenal Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Who gets HRS?
 • Decompensated cirrhosis
 • Typically with existing
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... - Diagnosis and ... a precipitant: Medications ... , Alcohol abuse, ... Side effects: Diarrhea
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
disease, Chronic diarrhoea ... , Short bowel syndrome ... Cystic fibrosis • Medications ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... nutrition, Excess alcohol
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... History of excessive alcohol ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... Ketoacidosis, Saline ... intoxication, Alcohol ... #differential #diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
factor PRES Diagnosis ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... disturbance, External lines ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Methanol intoxication:
 • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated
Clinical Features, Diagnosis ... of contaminated medication ... #Ingestion #diagnosis ... #toxicology #comparison ... table #management #treatment
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
gastric acidity, medications ... tongue), abd pain, diarrhea ... , intestinal), alcohol ... Check for IF ab Treatment ... consider other diagnosis
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... - Compartment syndrome ... Hypoglycemia - Alcohol ... - HIV/HAART medications