11 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Vomiting - Diarrhea
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
• Refeeding Syndrome ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... • Small bowel diarrhea ... Inflammatory Bowel Disease ... Steatorrhea • Chronic Diarrhea
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Algorithm Before ... is differentiating ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
(IBS) - Pathophysiology ... and Management Algorithm ... cognitions, Abuse Diarrhea ... Pregabalin #IBS ... #Pathophysiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... : • Hypovolemia ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... #Differential #Algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... • Autoimmune disease ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... Overview What Is ... due to chronic disease ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... appropriate • Hypovolemia ... capillary leak syndrome ... amyloidosis) • Liver disease
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia ... Complications #pathophysiology