10 results
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... #Magnesium #Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Renal Loses - Medications ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... consumption • Low
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... Side Effects: Hypomagnesemia ... constipation, diarrhea ... #Hyperkalemia #medications ... #pharmacology #table
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications ... continued in most cases
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... products contain potassium ... Hypothermia: Due to low
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... products contain potassium ... Hypothermia: Due to low