11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
constipation, diarrhea ... , nausea, abdominal ... ); nausea, vomiting ... constipation, diarrhea ... #pharmacology #table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... life threatening complications ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #CriticalCare
TABLE 2. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications
lBS-diarrhoea (IBS-D)
 - >25% loose or watery stools; <25% hard
TABLE 2. ... syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications ... lBS-diarrhoea ... Subclassifications #Classes ... #Diagnosis #Diarrhea
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Familial hypokalemic ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Low #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications ... imbalances (low FSH and LH ... hormone levels cause ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... • Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: