29 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Acute and chronic ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... obstruction to blood flow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Potassium #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low ... metabolic acidosis: Chronic ... diarrhea, Kidney ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Causes of Polycythemia ... • Burns • Diarrhea ... JAK-2 Positive - Low ... Smoking, Snoring Chronic ... Sleep Apnea • Chronic
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic ... Diarrhea - Differential ... insufficiency: Chronic ... #Diarrhea #Causes ... #inflammatory #classification
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
agent • Does not cause ... hypoglycemia • Low ... Contraindications: • Chronic ... effects (e.g. diarrhea ... by slow titration
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... diarrhea • Kidney ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... the indicated causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... Malnutrition due to chronic ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology