11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... K; also binds magnesium ... constipation, diarrhea ... constipation, diarrhea ... #pharmacology #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #CriticalCare
TABLE 2. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications
lBS-diarrhoea (IBS-D)
 - >25% loose or watery stools; <25% hard
TABLE 2. ... syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications ... lBS-diarrhoea ... Subclassifications #Classes ... #Diagnosis #Diarrhea
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... diagnosis #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Magnesium deficiency ... #Classification ... #Causes
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... products contain potassium