11 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Weakness - Dark urine ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
volume contracted: urine ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... volume expanded: urine ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... • Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... products contain potassium