25 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... obstruction to blood ... flow) - Massive
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... losses: • High Blood ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... EABV, Low Plasma ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... essential for blood ... • Blood pressure ... Cl⁻ increases blood
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Hypovolemic Shock - Low ... : GI (vomiting/diarrhea ... EmmGeezee #Shock #Classification ... #differential #causes ... #classification