12 results
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Algorithm • Low ... Hypoparathyroidism: Autoimmune, Genetic ... Hyperphosphatemia, Acute ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #calcium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Urinary ... diarrhea), Sweat ... - Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #urine #Algorithm ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low Kidney Phosphate ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... , Acute Respiratory ... Alkalosis, Tumor Genesis
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... paraproteinemia, acute ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... , Tumor genesis ... • Normal or Low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Algorithm GI LOSS ... Urine Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... other EGFR ab • Genetics ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... diarrhea (congenital ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... deficiency • Milk (calcium ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... • Congenital chloride ... diarrhea Potential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
Syndrome Acute ... Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea ... • New onset SLE ... Treatment: • ART to slow ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Clinical Cause Acute ... circulating calcium ... hypocalcemia - Genetic ... Malabsorption syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
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