11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #urine #Algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... diarrhea), Sweat ... - Normal/low ... : Chronic diarrhea ... #causes #urinary
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
volume contracted: urine ... diarrhea (congenital ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... other • Severe potassium
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... pH Calculate Urinary ... Chloride Intoxication ... • Serum K: low ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Potassium #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Metabolic acidosis ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... • Metabolic acidosis ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
altered 2) You see ... , Respiratory Alkalosis ... High Lactate, Low ... Potassium, Low ... Resuscitation 2) Urine
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... cause metabolic acidosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Renal tubular acidosis ... diarrhea Potential ... Supplement: • Potassium