32 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Primary hyperaldo ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea ... #causes #urinary
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... the indicated causes ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... Tubulointerstitial diseases - Urinary ... transplant - SLE ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Causes of Polyneuropathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Metabolic: DM, Hypothyroidism, CKD, Cirrhosis, Nutritional deficiency
 •
Causes of Polyneuropathy ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic: DM ... Paraneoplastic, CTD (SLE ... #causes #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes