11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Urinary Chloride ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #nephrology #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Urinary Chloride ... diarrhea), Sweat ... acidosis: Chronic ... diarrhea, Kidney
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
diarrhea (congenital ... acute reversal of chronic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... dehydrogenase activity: Chronic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Primary hyperaldo ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
GI Absorption: Chronic ... Diarrhea, Antacids ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... #nephrology #phosphorus
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
pH Calculate Urinary ... Chloride Intoxication ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... diarrhea Potential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology