8 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm ... , a high urine chloride ... Urine chloride is ... #Chloride #urine ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
pH Calculate Urinary ... or decreased in hyperchloremia ... Chloride Intoxication ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
145 mmol/L High Urine ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... glucosuria Low Urine ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loss (Negative urine ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
volume contracted: urine ... diarrhea (congenital ... volume expanded: urine ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Hypomagnesemia • Hypochloremic ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... • Congenital chloride ... diarrhea Potential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology