9 results
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Respiratory Acidosis ... Vomiting D - Diarrhea ... gap metabolic acidosis ... MD @nickmmark #acidbase ... #workup #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... acidosis • Chronic ... • Chronic salicylate ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Metabolic acidosis ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Acidosis - RTA ... - Diarrhea pH ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis - Differential ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Chloride-rich diarrhea ... acute reversal of chronic ... respiratory acidosis ... Refeeding after fasting ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology