11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, a high urine chloride ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... diarrhea (congenital ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Chloride Intoxication ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Loss (Negative urine ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Diarrhea B. ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential Diagnosis ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... • Congenital chloride ... diarrhea Potential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management