20 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
Cardiopulmonary Syndrome ... , weakness +/- diarrhea ... • Autopsy PCR Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #microbiology #infectiousdiseases
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
, vomiting, diarrhea ... 14%), in which case ... • New onset SLE ... Nucleic Acid test ... antibody test) Treatment
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
be treated with IV ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... arrythmias • Other: Diarrhea ... Treatment: • Plasmapheresis ... #neurology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Diarrhea B. ... Calcineurin inhibitors IV ... Acid loads (ammonium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Redistribution: IV ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of a low fecal elastase
Abnormal pancreatic imaging:
Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic tumours including cystic disease, Pancreatic resection,
result-watery diarrhoea ... mellitus, Bile acid ... diarrhoea, Irritable ... bowel syndrome, ... bacterial overgrowth, HIV
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... glycol (present in IV ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid