14 results
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... Niacin, Vitamin D deficiency ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Binders, Vitamin D Deficiency ... Vitamin D: Vit D Deficiency
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency ... 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... urine #potassium #differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
- Differential ... Framework and Clinical ... Increased loss: - Diarrhea ... rice, Cereals • Low ... Manifestations #Differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
may cause severe clinical ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... #Nutrition #Differential
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... disease, Chronic diarrhoea ... , Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Musculoskeletal: Low
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... tongue), abd pain, diarrhea ... Check for IF ab Treatment ... B12 #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Hyperthyroidism Overview Clinical ... Diagnosis: • ↓ Low ... Perspiration - Diarrhea ... ↑ AST/ALT • Treatment ... causes #diagnosis #differential
Clinical Presentations Suggestive of Infectious Diarrhea Etiologies
 • Persistent or chronic diarrhea - Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia
Clinical Presentations ... incubation emetic syndrome ... less - Norovirus (low-grade ... irritable bowel syndrome ... #diagnosis #differential