18 results
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Deficiency Risk ... disease, Chronic diarrhoea ... , Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Musculoskeletal: Low
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... Niacin, Vitamin D deficiency ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Binders, Vitamin D Deficiency ... Vitamin D: Vit D Deficiency
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency ... 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... urine #potassium #differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
- Differential ... Framework and Clinical ... Increased loss: - Diarrhea ... rice, Cereals • Low ... Manifestations #Differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
may cause severe clinical ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... #Nutrition #Differential
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
ataxia), Korsakoff syndrome ... immune function, diarrhea ... • Copper - Myelopathy ... vitamin #nutrition #table ... #differential #
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
or folic acid deficiency ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... • Copper deficiency ... blood count with differential ... marrow studies Treatment
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... tongue), abd pain, diarrhea ... Check for IF ab Treatment ... B12 #Cobalamin #Deficiency