10 results
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions are lesions occurring anywhere in the CNS from the brain up
form part of the differential ... However, in UMN ... UMN lesions are ... This lesion causes ... and a positive Babinski
Peritonitis - Spontaneous vs Secondary vs Peritoneal Dialysis Associated Peritonitis
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
 • Cirrhosis (high SAAG)
Cirrhosis (high SAAG ... ) + ascites w/ PMN ... glucose < 50, LDH ULN ... Peritoneal #diagnosis #differential ... #ascites
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

•
Perform paracentesis:
 • Cell count and diff 
 • Total
Ascites - Differential ... WBC and PMN • ... Calculate SAAG ... and check ascites ... #Differential #
Ascites - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Paracentesis studies: cell count + differential, albumin, protein, culture
 • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient
: cell count + differential ... (SAAG): > 1.1 g ... source • SBP: PMN ... count (WBC x PMN ... Summary #Hepatology #SAAG
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... Normal Peritoneum ... hypertension (SAAG ... #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Liver Enzymes - Differential ... Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... disease US — Normal ... #LiverEnzymes #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Cord Disorders - Differential ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... : Areflexia UMN ... plantar response LMN
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... likely - Mid range/ULN ... FeCa <1 %) - Low normal ... • If all normal ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
= nonspecific (nausea ... develops (DIC, ascites ... AST/ALT (5-10x ULN ... infiltration) Differential
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
intralobular bile ducts causes ... • ALT & AST normal ... • Bilirubin - Normal ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN ... bile ducts Differential