11 results
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... Burak @kwburak #LFTs ... #Elevated #Abnormal ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Function Test (LFTs ... Value = (ALT / ULN ... ALT) / (ALP / ULN ... #FunctionTest #LFTs ... Transaminitis #diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... Mild ALT < 5x ULN ... disease US — Normal ... • Others #LFTs ... #Hepatology #LiverEnzymes
Liver Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Liver Injury
Hepatocellular Liver Injury
 • AST/ALT elevation
Liver Enzymes (LFTs ... value = (ALT + ULN ... phosphatase + ULN ... Liver #Enzymes #LFTs ... #differential #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs ... R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ... ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ... #differential #Hepatology ... transaminitis #LFTs
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
upper limit of normal ... ALT + AST > 5x ULN ... AND IgG > 2x ULN ... regarding need for treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #Hepatology
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications
Treatment not indicated:
 • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
(>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... (<2000 IU/mL), normal ... (>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... IU/mL and ALT > ULN ... Indications #management #hepatology
Acute Pancreatitis - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Presentation: 
 • Epigastric abdominal pain (90%, characteristically
2) Lipase > 3x ULN ... Lipase, Ca2+, LFTs ... diagnosis, can be normal ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN ... Hyperreflexia, Clonus, Babinski ... Multiple Sclerosis Treatment ... management #neurology #treatment
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
• ALT & AST normal ... • Bilirubin - Normal ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology