13 results
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Haematological: Anaemia
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
E - Haemolytic anaemia ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... Vitamin B12 - Anaemia ... differential #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #nutrition
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... - Little or no nutritional ... hemolysis - anemia ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... initiation of nutrition ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Peripheral Smear ... Platelet Disorders • Nutritional ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... Peripheral blood smear ... marrow studies Treatment
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... organ damage • Treatment ... : • Pathophysiology ... Low calcium • Treatment
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Peripheral Smear ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
persons with poor nutrition ... vasculitis Treatment ... weeks #Scurvy #Pathophysiology ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Physical Exam/Signs ... • Peripheral smear ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... microglobulin Treatment ... • Richter’s Syndrome
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Stiff Person Syndrome ... and pernicious anemia ... Pathophysiology ... Treatment: • ... Diagnosis #Management #treatment