288 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrom, Vomiting
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... furosemide) - Bartter ... syndrome - ... Gitelman syndrome ... <2 mmol/L) #Metabolic
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... #Primary #Metabolic
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... aldosteronism #Metabolic
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Defects Fanconi Syndrome ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... Syndrome: Thick ... Henle Gitelman Syndrome ... #Fanconi #Bartter
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl- responsive metabolic ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Decreased BP = Bartter's ... Syndrome, Gitelman's ... Syndrome Dr. ... ThePeanutKidney #Metabolic
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... #Bartter #Algorithm
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Barter, or Gitelman ... Syndrome Unremarkable ... Bicarbonate #Elevated #metabolic
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Pressure: - Metabolic ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome - ... Hippurate - Metabolic