13 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... • Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... #causes #primary
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... atrial myxoma)/ball valve ... #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
Call for cardiac arrest ... tamponade recurs. ❿ Plan ... definitive management ... specialist referral. ⓫ Plan ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Prosthetic valve ... Involves aortic and mitral ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... #management #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... valve - Secondary ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis ... #cardiology
Cardiac Arrest - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

The probable cause is one or more of: something
breathing system valves ... reservoir bag and APL valve ... • Check ECG rhythm ... CardiacArrest #Checklist #Differential ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Septic emboli cause ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Neuroprotection following Cardiac Arrest - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Outcome from cardiac arrest is determined by
results from poor vital ... Obtain 12-lead ECG ... and discuss with cardiology ... develop (Box B). ❾ Plan ... further management
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... heart failure • Mitral ... valve prolapse ... stenosis) • Severe mitral ... #Differential #