9 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells: Insulin, Beta-Agonist ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • ↑ beta ... vomiting) • Low ... #potassium
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Pharmacology #Classification
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... Ketoconazole Low ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Aldosterone • ENaC blockers ... nephropathy • Beta ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Beta-Adrenergic ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Check fresh gas flow ... toxicity (→ 3-10); beta-blocker ... calcium channel blocker ... myocardial infarction, hyperkalaemia ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... correcting serum potassium ... angiotensin receptor blockers ... continued in most cases