12 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... • ENaC blockers ... nephropathy • Beta ... #IntercellularShift ... #Causes
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
and Management Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism - TOX: beta-blockers ... LIFE THREATENING CAUSES ... TREATMENT - Drugs (beta-blockers ... Electrolytes (hyperkalemia
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... transplant - SLE High ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... potassium • Beta ... cell membrane - Beta ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... potassium • Beta ... cell membrane - Beta ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... Bundle Branch Block ... bundle-branch block ... • Short QT, high ... voltage Other Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Resistance • Beta ... #IntercellularShift ... #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Medications: beta ... blockers, digitalis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Insulin • Beta ... Liddle's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Consider known drug causes ... Also consider: high ... toxicity (→ 3-10); beta-blocker ... calcium channel blocker ... myocardial infarction, hyperkalaemia