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Antiarrhythmic Medications - Vaughan Williams Classification - Summary Table
Class I agents - Sodium Channel Blockers⠀
Class II
Vaughan Williams Classification ... this class are beta ... blockers.⠀ Class ... III agents - Potassium ... #Medications #Classification
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells: Insulin, Beta-Agonist ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • ↑ beta ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
deficiency - Heparin/ LMW ... Ketoconazole Low ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ... bradycardia, AV blocks ... Combo of insulin + beta-agonist ... glucose <100 • Beta-agonist ... treatment Remove potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... < 20 meq/L • Low ... Aldosterone • ENaC blockers ... nephropathy • Beta ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
fatty acids for beta-oxidation ... also converted to beta ... both conditions, low ... provided the starting potassium ... #differential #algorithm
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Beta-Adrenergic ... inhibitors, ß-blockers ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification