38 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
- Differential Diagnosis ... Aortic Stenosis (rings ... Aortic Stenosis (rings ... • Infarct • Rupture ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Differential Diagnosis ... having positive cultures ... counts may delay diagnosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology
Tuberculosis Testing

LATENT TB
• LTBI is diagnosed when an asymptomatic patient has a positive TST or IGRA
TB • LTBI is diagnosed ... TB AFB smear microscopy ... Mycobacterial culture ... Liquid and solid cultures ... Mycobacterial culture
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... including blood culture ... , urine culture, ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
Fluorochrome that binds ... preparation from culture ... #microbiology #microscopy ... #staining #diagnosis
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
Achilles Tendon Rupture ... - Pain over rupture ... swelling over rupture ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #pathophysiology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Pathophysiology: ... pneumoniae, proteus Diagnosis ... is needed for diagnosis ... • UA and Urine cultures ... may narrow per culture
Septic Arthritis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Notes:
- Septic Arthritis is typically monoarticular & the knee is involved
& often a +ve culture ... SepticArthritis #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
specific allergen binds ... or IgM antibody binds ... Classification #Pathophysiology ... #Allergy #Diagnosis
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... /mL, metformin binds ... anaerobic metabolism Diagnosis ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Diagnosis