7 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Iron, B-12, or folate ... deficiency • ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... Transfusion Thresholds ... recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... diagnosis #management
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause ... #Transfusion #diagnosis
Folate Deficiency - Causes of Decreased Folic Acid
↓ Intake: Diet, Age, Alcohol
↑ Demand: Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis,
Folate Deficiency ... - Causes of Decreased ... Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis ... @drkeithsiau #Folate ... #differential #diagnosis
Etiologies of Folate Deficiency
 • Decreased dietary intake - uncommon in this era
 • Increased requirements
Deficiency • Decreased ... pregnant have hemolytic ... that can cause ... anticonvulsants lead to increase ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... Potassium-containing drugs - Transfusion ... tissue necrosis Decreased ... #diagnosis #differential
Cryptococcal meningitis on T2 MRI
30 M from sub-Saharan Africa presents w/ progressive Headache x1 mo, +neck
Diagnosis? ... gelatinous cyst produced ... Nausea & vomiting ... )but severe K+ deficiency ... first 10 days is decreased