203 results
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Granular & “Muddy ... Brown” Casts on ... Finely granular cast ... coarser granular cast ... coarse (c) and muddy
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Non-Malignant • Fatty Liver ... • Cysts • Hemochromatosis ... Heart Failure • Budd-Chiari ... Algorithm #Causes #Hepatology
Muddy Brown Granular Casts three ways - Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase Contrast.

Dr. Vipin Varghese @vipvargh

#Muddy #Brown #Granular
Muddy Brown Granular ... Casts three ways ... Varghese @vipvargh #Muddy ... Brown #Granular #Casts
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
Cirrhosis, Late Budd-Chiari ... syndrome, Massive liver ... pericarditis, Early Budd-Chiari ... albumin #gradient #hepatology
Liver Mass Differential Diagnosis
Solid:
 • Benign: Hepatic Hemangioma, Focal nodular hyperplasia, Hepatocellular adenoma, Regenerative nodules
 •
Liver Mass Differential ... Cystadenoma, Polycystic liver ... disease, Biliary cysts ... Echinococcus #Liver ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... • "Muddy Brown ... " Casts - Strongly
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... light granular/muddy ... granular, C and D: muddy ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver ... Venoocclusive disease (Budd-Chiari ... #Differential #Hepatology
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Causes of Acute Liver ... Hepatocellular - Liver ... Hepatic Vein: Budd-Chiari ... Artery: Shock Liver ... Acute #algorithm #hepatology
Hepatocellular Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework:
Liver Injury → liver test abnormalities without evidence of liver
Hepatocellular Liver ... Diagnosis Framework: Liver ... Injury → liver ... Ischemic, Congestion, Budd ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology